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The Younger Generation
Dr. Jeffrey A. Zuckerman discusses causes and effects of endocrine disruption, with particular attention to long-term opiate use. Dr. Zuckerman begins by describing sources of exogenous hormones (xenohormones) and their contribution to endocrine disruption.
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He proposes that opiate-induced hyperalgesia may be related to reduced testosterone levels before outlining other opiate-related hormonal changes that affect pain. Dr. Zuckerman concludes by describing opiate-induced adrenal insufficiency and provides evidence that hormonal replacement therapy can mitigate opiate effects.
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