Dr. Dominic Hegarty discusses intralaminar epidurals targeting the cervical spine. He discusses indications, anatomy, complications, and risk management of intralaminar epidurals in the cervical spine. Risk assessment is also very important. Steroids can also help. Dr. Hegarty also talks about evidence based clinical solutions. The research in this area is promising.

Dr. Miles Day discusses stellate ganglion and T2-T3 sympathetic blocks and radiofrequency. He reviews the anatomy for each block, as well as the indications. Anatomy is important for correct needle placement. There are many diseases that have sympathetically maintained pain, which makes sympathetic blocks a potentially powerful tool. He also discusses the fluoroscopic techniques for each block. Finally, he reviews potential complications.

Dr. Lorand Eross discussions invasive neuromodulation in craniofacial pain syndromes. First, he runs through the techniques commonly used for craniofacial pain syndromes. What can be done when patients have conditions such as trigeminal neuropathic pain and chronic cluster headaches? Neuromodulation (such as with occipital nerve stimulation) may prove to be one effective option. Research in this area is promising, even at long term follow ups.

Here, the moderators take questions from the attendees about the talks given at the CIPS Preparatory Course Session 1. Safety precautions are discussed. Questions about techniques are used. Other issues in ultrasound use are also brought forth by the moderators and attendees and elaborated on.