Dr. Miles Day discusses cervicogenic headaches. He discusses a brief history, and characteristics of these headaches. Finally, he lists and reviews interventional treatments of cervicogenic headaches. There are multiple potential pain generators for cervicogenic headaches. Diagnostic and therapeutic injections are also important. Clinical studies yield promising data.

During the Q&A session for General Lecture Session 8 the moderators and speakers take questions from the virtual audience. One person asks, how can we improve radiation safety in the least expensive way? Dr. Patel says that ultrasound may be one way. Another person asks, which needle do you prefer to prevent aortic puncture? Blunt needles are recommended by Dr. Flores. These questions and more are topics of discussion.

Dr. Gabor Racz first describes the scarring triangle as a concept. It is scar tissue that is located in-between the L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the S1 nerve root and above the L5-S1 disc. The scarring triangle poses a problem for catheters and other procedures such as spinal fusions. A case study in pain is discussed, as are other examples of the scarring triangle.

Dr. Dominic Hegarty discusses intralaminar epidurals targeting the cervical spine. He discusses indications, anatomy, complications, and risk management of intralaminar epidurals in the cervical spine. Risk assessment is also very important. Steroids can also help. Dr. Hegarty also talks about evidence based clinical solutions. The research in this area is promising.