Cutting Edge Technology Research

This thought-provoking lecture reflects on the evolution of neuromodulation for pain management, starting from early gate control theory to cutting-edge insights on neuroinflammation and glial cell involvement. Dr. Ricardo Vallejo emphasizes that pain is far more complex than neuronal depolarization, highlighting the critical role of glial cells in neuroinflammation and pain amplification. Advances in genomic and proteomic research reveal how electrical stimulation affects gene and protein expression, influencing pain pathways. Emerging technologies like ECAP-based closed-loop systems aim to deliver precise, adaptive stimulation. The future lies in mechanism-based neuromodulation strategies that integrate molecular science with clinical innovation to improve patient outcomes.