Dr. Kenneth B. Chapman discusses vertebral augmentation. He gives a history of this procedure, starting with its conception 1984. Research since then has been sparse at times, but also promising. Osteoporosis is the primary condition associated with vertebral augmentation. Dr. Chapman discusses several different research studies. Cancer patients may also benefit from this procedure. With the appropriately selected patient, vertebral augmentation is a safe and effective procedure.

Here, the moderators take questions from the attendees about the talks given at the CIPS Preparatory Course Session 1. Safety precautions are discussed. Questions about techniques are used. Other issues in ultrasound use are also brought forth by the moderators and attendees and elaborated on.

Dr. Monique Steegers discusses education and certification in pain intervention and how important it is for both doctors and their patients. She is now an examiner for pain intervention education. Education in pain practice is one way to learn. A good example is also a great way to learn. Lifelong learning changes your brain. Further, continuous medical education is important and leads to better patient outcomes. The FIPPs exam has several parts, including practical and oral components.

During the Q&A session for General Lecture Session 8 the moderators and speakers take questions from the virtual audience. One person asks, how can we improve radiation safety in the least expensive way? Dr. Patel says that ultrasound may be one way. Another person asks, which needle do you prefer to prevent aortic puncture? Blunt needles are recommended by Dr. Flores. These questions and more are topics of discussion.