Dr. Miles Day discusses cervicogenic headaches. He discusses a brief history, and characteristics of these headaches. Finally, he lists and reviews interventional treatments of cervicogenic headaches. There are multiple potential pain generators for cervicogenic headaches. Diagnostic and therapeutic injections are also important. Clinical studies yield promising data.

Here, the moderators take questions from the attendees about the talks given at the CIPS Preparatory Course Session 1. Safety precautions are discussed. Questions about techniques are used. Other issues in ultrasound use are also brought forth by the moderators and attendees and elaborated on.

Dr. Maria Luz Padilla discusses ultrasound anatomy and procedures of the lumbosacral spine. These procedures can be challenging and have many complications. They are nevertheless important for interventional pain. Sagittal view and transverse view methods can be used during these procedures. Using both these views (by turning the transducer) is important to localize your position in the cervical space before giving the injection.

Dr. Athma Thottungal describes ultrasound, diagnosis, and procedures of the peripheral nerves of the upper extremity. She concentrates on the cervical sympathetic trunk as an example. Cervicothoracic ganglion blocks, also known as the stellate ganglion, can be difficult to treat. Knowing your target is important, she says, and this will also influence the tools you use for diagnosing, as well as the procedure performed.