Dr. Athma Thottungal describes ultrasound, diagnosis, and procedures of the peripheral nerves of the upper extremity. She concentrates on the cervical sympathetic trunk as an example. Cervicothoracic ganglion blocks, also known as the stellate ganglion, can be difficult to treat. Knowing your target is important, she says, and this will also influence the tools you use for diagnosing, as well as the procedure performed.

Dr. Fabricio Dias Assis presents on transforaminal epidural steroid injections (lumbar and sacral). First, he discusses lumbosacral radicular syndrome. This is also known as nerve root pain and is the most common form of recurring pain. This has many risk factors, including female gender, obesity, smoking, heavy manual labor, and more. He differentiates between radicular pain from radiculopathy. Transforaminal injections do not necessarily need steroid injections. He describes research on this topic and more.

Dr. Lorand Eross discussions invasive neuromodulation in craniofacial pain syndromes. First, he runs through the techniques commonly used for craniofacial pain syndromes. What can be done when patients have conditions such as trigeminal neuropathic pain and chronic cluster headaches? Neuromodulation (such as with occipital nerve stimulation) may prove to be one effective option. Research in this area is promising, even at long term follow ups.

Dr. Monique Steegers discusses education and certification in pain intervention and how important it is for both doctors and their patients. She is now an examiner for pain intervention education. Education in pain practice is one way to learn. A good example is also a great way to learn. Lifelong learning changes your brain. Further, continuous medical education is important and leads to better patient outcomes. The FIPPs exam has several parts, including practical and oral components.