Dr. Miles Day discusses cervicogenic headaches. He discusses a brief history, and characteristics of these headaches. Finally, he lists and reviews interventional treatments of cervicogenic headaches. There are multiple potential pain generators for cervicogenic headaches. Diagnostic and therapeutic injections are also important. Clinical studies yield promising data.

Dr. Gabor Racz first describes the scarring triangle as a concept. It is scar tissue that is located in-between the L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the S1 nerve root and above the L5-S1 disc. The scarring triangle poses a problem for catheters and other procedures such as spinal fusions. A case study in pain is discussed, as are other examples of the scarring triangle.

Dr. Maria Luz Padilla discusses ultrasound anatomy and procedures of the lumbosacral spine. These procedures can be challenging and have many complications. They are nevertheless important for interventional pain. Sagittal view and transverse view methods can be used during these procedures. Using both these views (by turning the transducer) is important to localize your position in the cervical space before giving the injection.

Dr. Ana Carolina Braz Lima discusses techniques used for different cervical blocks, such as medial branch blocks. Dr. Braz Lima describes how understanding anatomy can assist with cervical blocks. Then, Dr. Stanley Lam describes testing procedures for CIPS during a technical difficulty. When Dr. Braz Lima returns, she continues her discourse of nervous system anatomy. Knowing where arteries are is important. X-Rays can also be helpful. She also says you need to be familiar with a procedure’s complications