Dr. Ira Fox talks about caudal lysis of adhesions. Indications, technique, complications, and evidence/hallmark studies regarding this procedure are discussed. The role of inflammation is also discussed. There are many objectives for epidural neuroplasty that Dr. Fox discusses. Monitoring patients is also important. The goal here is to create a healing process.

Dr. Javier de Andres discusses lumbar sympathetic and hypogastric plexus blocks. In this talk, he focuses on anatomy of the autonomic nervous system. It is due to its anatomy that it can be a target of sympathetic blocks. Dr. de Andres goes over lumbar sympathetic block and hypogastric block rationales, functional anatomy, indications, contraindications, materials, techniques, and complications. He starts and ends his talk with a brief discussion on football.

Dr. Kenneth B. Chapman discusses vertebral augmentation. He gives a history of this procedure, starting with its conception 1984. Research since then has been sparse at times, but also promising. Osteoporosis is the primary condition associated with vertebral augmentation. Dr. Chapman discusses several different research studies. Cancer patients may also benefit from this procedure. With the appropriately selected patient, vertebral augmentation is a safe and effective procedure.

Dr. Bernhard Moriggl discusses anatomy of the nerves in the lower extremities. Understanding anatomy, diagnosis, and procedures of peripheral nerves of the lower extremities is very important in pain management. Dr. Moriggi says to always trace nerves to be sure where they are (are they entrapped?) and where they come from. Landmarks may sometimes be missing, so be careful. Do what makes sense, says Dr Miriggi.