Dr. Mert Akbas discusses lumbar facets. He first discusses anatomy and then launches into a discussion of facet pain. Intra-articular steroid blocks, medial branch blocks, and radiofrequency medial branch procedures are discussed. Facet pain must be meticulously established through at least two diagnostic blocks. He also discusses the basic rules of radiofrequency procedures. Patient selection is important. Thoracic facet joint denervation is also discussed.

Dr. Vikram Patel discusses ways to optimize radiation protection. Protecting patients, doctors, and staff from radiation is incredibly important. There are many hazards of radiation to the human body. However, there is a need for radiation in pain work, so how can radiation be minimized? Positioning and protection are key. Reducing time of exposure or reducing output can help. It is also to check exposure levels over time, as radiation accumulates. These ideas and more are described.

Dr. Andre Mansano discusses ultrasound guided hip procedures. Hip pain occurs in approximately 14% of individuals aged 60 years and older. This hip pain can be caused by a variety of problems. Intra-articular injections are a common approach to hip pain. Ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance is often used. Understanding anatomy is critical.