Dr. Mert Akbas discusses lumbar facets. He first discusses anatomy and then launches into a discussion of facet pain. Intra-articular steroid blocks, medial branch blocks, and radiofrequency medial branch procedures are discussed. Facet pain must be meticulously established through at least two diagnostic blocks. He also discusses the basic rules of radiofrequency procedures. Patient selection is important. Thoracic facet joint denervation is also discussed.

Dr. Kenneth B. Chapman discusses vertebral augmentation. He gives a history of this procedure, starting with its conception 1984. Research since then has been sparse at times, but also promising. Osteoporosis is the primary condition associated with vertebral augmentation. Dr. Chapman discusses several different research studies. Cancer patients may also benefit from this procedure. With the appropriately selected patient, vertebral augmentation is a safe and effective procedure.

Dr. Miles Day discusses stellate ganglion and T2-T3 sympathetic blocks and radiofrequency. He reviews the anatomy for each block, as well as the indications. Anatomy is important for correct needle placement. There are many diseases that have sympathetically maintained pain, which makes sympathetic blocks a potentially powerful tool. He also discusses the fluoroscopic techniques for each block. Finally, he reviews potential complications.

Dr. Ana Carolina Braz Lima discusses techniques used for different cervical blocks, such as medial branch blocks. Dr. Braz Lima describes how understanding anatomy can assist with cervical blocks. Then, Dr. Stanley Lam describes testing procedures for CIPS during a technical difficulty. When Dr. Braz Lima returns, she continues her discourse of nervous system anatomy. Knowing where arteries are is important. X-Rays can also be helpful. She also says you need to be familiar with a procedure’s complications