Dr. Philip Peng discusses ultrasound guide for interventional pain (injections and beyond). He talks about different injections that can be given (Botox, biologics, and more). Progress in pain intervention is also discussed and Dr. Pend goes beyond discussion of injections (such as decompressions, hydrodissections, and more). Then he talk about peripheral nerve stimulation.

Dr. Miles Day discusses stellate ganglion and T2-T3 sympathetic blocks and radiofrequency. He reviews the anatomy for each block, as well as the indications. Anatomy is important for correct needle placement. There are many diseases that have sympathetically maintained pain, which makes sympathetic blocks a potentially powerful tool. He also discusses the fluoroscopic techniques for each block. Finally, he reviews potential complications.

Dr. Vikram Patel discusses ways to optimize radiation protection. Protecting patients, doctors, and staff from radiation is incredibly important. There are many hazards of radiation to the human body. However, there is a need for radiation in pain work, so how can radiation be minimized? Positioning and protection are key. Reducing time of exposure or reducing output can help. It is also to check exposure levels over time, as radiation accumulates. These ideas and more are described.

Dr. Athma Thottungal describes ultrasound, diagnosis, and procedures of the peripheral nerves of the upper extremity. She concentrates on the cervical sympathetic trunk as an example. Cervicothoracic ganglion blocks, also known as the stellate ganglion, can be difficult to treat. Knowing your target is important, she says, and this will also influence the tools you use for diagnosing, as well as the procedure performed.