A Thirteenth Century Study on Surgical Pain Management From the Kitāb al-'Umda fī Ṣinā'a al-Jirāḥa by Ibn al-Quff

Affiliations

• ¹ From the Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
• ² Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.